Synthesis:Source Traditions

A vast number of religious, spiritual, ritual, cultural, philosophical, and other traditions have contributed to the conversation regarding Emergent Phenomena for at least thousands and likely many tens of thousands of years and many continue to today.

Further, critical to integrating Emergent Phenomena into mainstream clinical understandings and practice are the opportunities provided by manuals such as the DSM-5TR and related manuals, with statements providing an immediate functional need for detailed understandings of the world's traditions and what they consider normal, such as this statement, from the DSM-5TR, on page 102, in the section on Hallucinations:

"Hallucinations are perception-like experiences that occur without an external stimulus. They are vivid and clear, with the full force and impact of normal perceptions, and not under voluntary control. They may occur in any sensory modality, but auditory hallucinations are the most common in schizophrenia and related disorders. Auditory hallucinations are usually experienced as voices, whether familiar or unfamiliar, that are perceived as distinct from the individual's own thoughts. The hallucinations must occur in the context of a clear sensorium; those that occur while falling asleep (hypnagogic) or waking up (hypnopompic) are considered to be within the range of normal experience. Hallucinations may be a normal part of religious experience in certain cultural contexts.”

Thus, in order to provide extensive support for diagnosticians, care providers, family members, friends, and everyone else relating to these issues, EmergeWiki aims to have detailed information and additional links to external sources on the major and minor "cultural context" mentioned above, including, but not limited to the following, and we encourage authors to add more to this list as needed to be as complete and thorough as possible:

• 1. Abrahamic religions
     1. Christianity  
        1. Nicene Christianity
           1. Catholicism — Catholicism has as one of its features a remarkable capacity for local syncretism, very often adopting, enfolding, informing, etc. local religions, saints, spirits, traditions, rituals, particularly in Central and South America and Africa, but in other places also, giving many of these very different flavors and thus likely relationships to emergent phenomena, etc.
              1. Latin Church
                 1. Jesuits
                 2. Carmelites
                 3. Franciscans
                 4. Dominicans
                 5. Cistercians
                 6. Beguines and Beghards
              2. Eastern Catholic Church
        2. Protestantism
           1. Pentecostalism
           2. Anglicanism
           3. Baptist churches
           4. Nondenominational Christianity
           5. Lutheranism
           6. Methodism
           7. Reformed churches (Calvinism)
           8. African initiated churches
           9. Chinese Patriotic Christian Churches
           10. Eastern Protestant Christianity
           11. Adventism
           12. New Apostolic Church
           13. Restorationism
           14. Anabaptism
           15. Local churches
           16. Plymouth Brethren
           17. Hussites
           18. Quakers
           19. Messianic Judaism
        3. Orthodox Christianity
           1. Eastern Orthodoxy
              1. Greek Orthodox Pratriarchates or Churches
                 1. Constantinople
                 2. Alexandria
                 3. Antioch
                 4. Jerusalem
                 5. Russia
                 6. Serbia
                 7. Romania
                 8. Bulgaria
                 9. Georgia
                 10. Cyprus
                 11. Greece
                 12. Poland
                 13. Albania
                 14. Czech Lands and Slovakia
                 15. North Macedonia
           2. Oriental Orthodox Churches
              1. Coptic Orthodox
              2. Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo
              3. Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo
              4. Syriac Orthodox
              5. Armenian Apostolic
              6. Malankara Orthodox Syrian
              7. Western Orthodoxy
           3. Evangelical Christianity
           4. Restorationist
              1. Mormon/Latter-day Saint movement
              2. Jehovah's Witnesses
     2. Islam  
        1. Sunnīsm
           1. Ḥanafī Sunnīsm
           2. Shāfiʿī Sunnīsm
           3. Mālikī Sunnīsm
           4. Ḥanbalī Sunnīsm
        2. Shī‘ism
           1. Twelver Shīʿīsm
           2. Zaydī Shīʿīsm
           3. Ismāʿīlī Shīʿīsm
              1. Ghulat
        3. Kharījism
        4. Sufīsm
        5. Ahmadiyya movement
        6. Salafism
        7. Wahhabism
     3. Judaism
        1. Hassidism
        2. Kabbalah
        3. Ultraorthodox
  2. Hinduism — Hinduism, far from being a single, coherent religion, probably has more local gods, variants, diversity of view, etc. than any other tradition on this list.
     1. Advaita Vedānta
     2. Arya Samaj
     3. ISKCON (Hare Krishna)
     4. Sant Mat traditions
     5. Shaivism
     6. Shaktism
     7. Shrauta or "vedic" hinduism
     8. Smartism
     9. Vaishnavism
     10. Yogic Schools
         1. Bhakti yoga
         2. Hatha yoga
         3. Jñana yoga
         4. Karma yoga
         5. Kundalini Yoga
         6. Raja yoga
  3. Buddhism — According to the Pew Research Center, "all 10 countries with the largest Buddhist populations are in the Asia-Pacific region, and these countries collectively are home to the lion’s share (95%) of all Buddhists. Half (50%) of the world’s Buddhists live in one country, China. The largest Buddhist populations outside China are in Thailand (13%), Japan (9%), Burma (Myanmar) (8%), Sri Lanka (3%), Vietnam (3%), Cambodia (3%), South Korea (2%), India (2%) and Malaysia (1%)."
     1. Mahāyāna Buddhism
        1. Madhyamaka
        2. Yogacāra
        3. Pure Land
        4. Zen
           1. Soto
           2. Rinzai
           3. Ch’an
     2. Vajrayāna Buddhism
        1. Tantra
        2. Dzogchen — According to Claire Petitmengin, "Dzogchen or “Great Perfection”, which designates the ultimate natural state of everything, emerged in India and Tibet in the eight to ninth centuries. Main Indian Dzogchen masters were Vajraprake (tib. Garab Dorjé), Manjusrimitra, Vairocana, Padmasambhava and Vimalamitra. In Tibet it was primarily transmitted by the Ancient School (Nyingma), through a lineage that includes illustrious masters as Yeshe Tsogyal, Longchenpa, Jigme Lingpa, Patrul Rinpoche and Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche."
        3. Mahāmūdra — According to Claire Petitmengin, "Mahāmūdra (where mahā means “great”, and mūdra means “gesture”), often translated as the Great Seal, is a Buddhist meditative tradition that emerged in India around the eighth and ninth centuries. The great Mahāmūdra Indian masters were Saraha, Shabari, Tilopa, Maitripa and Naropa. The Mahāmūdra transmissions entered Tibet between the eleventh and twelfth centuries, from Marpa to Milarepa and Gambopa. Most contemporary Tibetan Mahāmūdra masters rely on the teachings that are found in the works of Dakpo Tashi Namgyal (1513–87) and the ninth Karmapa Wangchouk Dorje (1555–1603)."
        4. Shingon
     3. Theravāda Buddhism: this itself has huge internal diversity
     4. Regional traditions
        1. Contemporary Western Buddhism
        2. Japanese New Religious Movements (Soka Gakkai)
        3. Korean Buddhism
        4. Nichiren Buddhism
        5. Thai Forest Tradition
        6. Tibetan Buddhism
        7. Vietnamese Buddhism
  4. Folk Traditions — According to the Pew Research Center, "An estimated 405 million people – or about 6% of the world’s total population – are adherents of folk or traditional religions. These are faiths that are closely associated with a particular group of people, ethnicity or tribe. They often have no formal creeds or sacred texts."
     1. African traditional religions
     2. African Diasporic religions (Vodou, Candomblé, Umbanda)
     3. Australian Aboriginal religions
     4. Baltic paganism
     5. Chinese folk religions
     6. Native American religions
     7. Nordic pre-Christian traditions
     8. Pacific Islander religions
     9. Slavic paganism
     10. Vietnamese folk religion (Đạo Mẫu)
  5. Other Traditions  
     1. Ancient Greek and Roman Philosophical Schools
     2. Ancient Egypt
     3. Confucianism
     4. Druze faith
     5. Falun Gong
     6. Gnosticism
     7. Hermetism
     8. Jainism
     9. Magical or occult practices
     10. Mandaeism
     11. Manichaeism
     12. Martial Arts
     13. Neoplatonism
     14. New Religious Movements
         1. Ásatrú/Heathenry
         2. Baha'i Faith
         3. Cao Dai
         4. Discordianism
         5. Druidry
         6. IOT/Chaos
         7. Japanese new religious movements (Oomoto, Seicho-no-Ie)
         8. Kimbanguism
         9. Neopaganism
         10. Korean new religious movements (Cheondoism, Jeungsanism)
         11. New Age spirituality
         12. OTO
         13. Raëlism
         14. Rastafarianism
         15. Samaritanism
         16. Santeria
         17. Scientology
         18. Tenrikyo
         19. Thelema
         20. Vietnamese Hòa Hảo
         21. Wicca
     15. Orphism
     16. Other
     17. Perennialism
     18. Shinto
     19. Shamanism
         1. Siberian shamanic traditions
         2. Korean shamanism (Muism)
     20. Sikhism
     21. Spiritism
     22. Western Esotericism
         1. Alchemy
         2. Astrology
         3. Freemasonry
         4. Gnosticism
         5. Hermeticism
         6. Illuminism
         7. Kabbalah
         8. Rosicrucianism
         9. Tenrikyo
         10. Theosophy
     23. Taoism
     24. Transcendental meditation
     25. Western Mindfulness Movement
     26. Yazidism
     27. Zoroastrianism